ABSTRACT The no-tillage system is a conservation system that helps sustainability and agricultural production. The effectiveness of glyphosate control, applied alone or in combination with other herbicides, can be altered depending on the product’s formulation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glyphosate in formulations containing different salts and concentrations, applied alone and in combination with other herbicides, in controlling weeds in advanced stages in the pre-sowing burndown operation. The experiment was carried out in the field in an area with a history of high weed infestation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, evaluating eleven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of the application of three glyphosate-based formulations alone and in combination with clethodim and 2,4-D amine herbicides, in addition to a control without herbicide application. The evaluated variables were percentage of weed control and percentage of desiccation. A comparison of means by contrasts was performed to analyze the percentage of weed control. In general, treatments containing products based on glyphosate potassium salt in the composition have slightly better control performance compared to those consisting of glyphosate isopropylamine salt.

RESUMO O sistema de plantio direto é um sistema conservacionista que auxilia na sustentabilidade e a produção agrícola. A eficácia de controle do glyphosate, aplicado isoladamente ou em associação a outros herbicidas, pode ser alterada em função da formulação do produto. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de glyphosate em formulações contendo diferentes sais e concentrações, aplicado isolado e em associações a outros herbicidas, no controle de plantas daninhas em estádios avançados na operação de dessecação pré-semeadura. O experimento foi realizado a campo em área com histórico de elevada infestação de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados, avaliando-se onze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicação de três formulações à base de glyphosate isolado e em associações com os herbicidas clethodim e 2,4-D amina, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. As variáveis avaliadas foram porcentagem de controle das plantas daninhas e porcentagem de dessecação. Foi realizado uma comparação de médias por contrastes para analisar a porcentagem de controle de plantas daninhas. De maneira geral, tratamentos contendo produtos à base de glyphosate sal potássico na composição apresentam performance de controle ligeiramente superior em comparação com àqueles constituídos por glyphosate sal de isopropilamina.

ABSTRACT Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that occurs from south Bahia, Brazil, extending south to the province of Misiones, Argentina. In Rio de Janeiro state, the species was classified as threatened, indicating that attention is needed for the conservation of this taxon. Additionally, an outbreak of yellow fever spread throughout the southeastern states of Brazil from January 2017 until March 2018 seriously threatening Rio de Janeiro populations of the species. Herein, we aimed to provide the first estimates of A. g. clamitans encounter rate, density, and population size in the Ilha Grande State Park (PEIG), which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. Data were collected in two different periods, the first between December 2003 and May 2005, and the second from August 2009 to May 2010, and information on encounter rates and behavior was collected to better understand aspects of species’ ecology. The estimated encounter rate in the first period through the distance sampling method was 0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer. Nine groups were recorded in the second period of the study, with 47 individuals along 3 km. Our estimates of encounter rate, density and population size were low and reinforces the need to initiate species monitoring and assess the impact that yellow fever outbreaks may have on PEIG populations. The results presented here can be a starting point to support future strategic actions for the species, to measure impacts and to the management of the species, and for a conservation program.

ABSTRACT The spotted paca, Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766), is a Neotropical, opportunistic, frugivorous caviomorph rodent, that inhabits primarily broadleaf forests. We aimed to provide the first estimates of density of C. paca for the Ilha Grande, an island located in the Atlantic Rain Forest biome of Brazil. Density and population size were estimated using the total number of individuals observed along each trail through the program DISTANCE 7. Our estimates of density and population size reinforces the importance of the Ilha Grande as an important reservoir of the species. Therefore, the results presented herein can be a starting point to support future action plans for the species, making predictions regarding the ecosystem and management and conservation of the spotted paca. Furthermore, the results can be used as a surrogate for other regions in which the species occurs.

Abstract AIMS Previously, we verified that overtrained mice upregulated the TRB3 levels, its association with Akt, and the hepatic concentrations of glycogen. It is known that APPL1 can limit the interaction between TRB3 and Akt, playing an important role in the glucose homeostasis. Thus, we verified the effects of three overtraining protocols on the hepatic levels of APPL1 and APPL2. METHODS Rodents were divided into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). The hepatic contents of APPL1 and APPl2 were measured by the immunoblotting technique. RESULTS Significant elevation of APPL1 observed in the OTR/down and OTR/up groups, as well as the tendency of increase (p=0.071) observed in the OTR group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that this particular protein is likely to participate in the glucose homeostasis previously observed in response to these OT protocols.

Abstract AIMS knowing the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation and based on the fact that downhill running-based overtraining (OT) model increases hypothalamus levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, we verified the effects of three OT protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser734), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2alpha (Ser52), ATF-6 and GRP-94 proteins in the mouse hypothalamus after two weeks of recovery. METHODS the mice were randomized into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. After 2-week total recovery period (i.e., week 10), hypothalamus was removed and used for immunoblotting. RESULTS the OTR/down group exhibited high levels of BiP and ATF6. The other OT protocols showed higher levels of pPERK (Th981) and pelf-2alpha (Ser52) when compared with the CT group. CONCLUSION the current results suggest that after a 2-week total recovery period, the overtrained groups increased partially their ER stress protein levels, but without hypothalamic inflammation, which characterizes a physiological condition related to an adaptation mechanism.